Asia Development Research Institute

1. "Illegal Heroes and Victimless Crimes - Informal Cross-Border Migration from Myanmar", by Winston Set Aung, 2009, published by the Institute for Security and Development Policy of Sweden

2. Policy Brief: "Migration and Human Smuggling from Myanmar: Moving Toward Win-Win Solutions", by Winston Set Aung, 2009, published by the Insitute for Security and Development Policy of Sweden

3. The Role of Informal Cross-Border Trade in Myanmar, by Winston Set Aung, 2009, published by the Institute for Security and Development Policy of Sweden

4. Regional Migration: A Feasible Option for Livelihood Diversification for the Regional Poor?, by Winston Set Aung, 2008. It is the regional paper sponsored by the Sumernet, Stockholm Environmental Institute. 

9. Cross-border Economic Relationship in the Greater Mekong Sub-region with Special Reference to Myanmar and its GMS Neighbors that mainly include Thailand and China, by Winston Set Aung, 2007. It is the research paper written under the project of Mekong Research Center, Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.

10. Informal Channels of Migration in Myanmar: Causes and Impacts, by Winston Set Aung, 2007. It is the paper presented at Follow-up Regional Policy Dialogue on "Transborder Migration Policy Implementation and Monitoring: Its Effectiveness and Current Policy Gaps in the GMS", held at the Mekong Institute, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

11. "Understanding the 30-Year Industrial Development Plan", 2007 by Prof. Myat Thein

12. "Transitional Economy of Myanmar: Present Status, Developmental Divide and Future Prospects", 2007, by Prof. Myat Thein and Dr. Mya Than  

13. "Investment in Myanmar 2007", July 2007, by Winston Set Aung for ASEAN Japan Center  

14. "GMS Tourism Development with Special Reference to Myanmar", June 2007, by Prof. Myat Thein, Winston Set Aung, Daw Tin Tin Htwe and Daw Aye Win for Mekong Institute, Thailand  

15. "Economic Development of Myanmar since Independence", March 2007, by Prof. Myat Thein  

16. "Economic and Social Indicators with Special Reference to Myanmar", November 2006, by Prof. Myat Thein  

17. "Investment Opportunity with the Equitization of the Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam (Vietcombank)", September 2006, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute  

18. "Existing and Future Electricity Infrastructure and Supply around Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Cambodia", September 2006, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute  

19. "Central Banking in Market Economies: Myths and Realities", June 2006, by Prof. Myat Thein  

20. "Quantitative Forecast of Future Scenario of FDI Flows into Cambodian Garment Sector", May 2006, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute  

21. "Thoughts on Overview of Myanmar's Economy", March 2006, by Prof. Myat Thein  

22. "Competitiveness of Textiles and Garment Sector of Cambodia and Existing Impediments",  February 2006, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute  

23. "Macroeconomics Factors affecting the Trade Competitiveness among the GMS Countries (Myanmar, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Lao PDR and Cambodia)", February 2006, by Winston Set Aung

24. "The Time to turn Irregular into Regular Migrants", January 2006, by Winston Set Aung for Mekong Institute, Thailand. It is the paper presented at Follow-up Regional Policy Dialogue on "Transborder Migration Policy Implementation and Monitoring: Its Effectiveness and Current Policy Gaps in the GMS", held at the Mekong Institute, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

25. "Myanmar Economic Overview 2006", January 2006, by Winston Set Aung  

26. "Myanmar: Life and Wellbeing from a Comparative Socio-cultural Perspective", Prof. Myat Thein in Takashi Inoguchi et al. edited, Human Beliefs and Values in Striding Asia, Chuo University, 2006

27 . "Policy Recommendation for FDI Development at Sihanoukville Area of Cambodia", September 2005, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute and Japan Bank for International Cooperation

28. "Cause-and-Effect Relationship between Economic Indicators and FDI Inflows in Cambodia", September 2005, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute  

29. "Economic Transition in Myanmar", September 2005, by Prof. Myat Thein presented at the SWISSAID-Myanmar's Fourth Annual Partners' Meeting  

30. "An Analysis of Current Economic Situation in Myanmar", June 2005, by Prof. Myat Thein  

31. "Equitization and Investment Opportunities in the Cellular Mobile Telecommunication Sector in Vietnam", June 2005, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute

32. "The Econometric Relationship between Exports and FDI in Vietnam", March 2005, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute

33. "The Econometric Relationship between Exports and FDI in Cambodia", March 2005, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute

34. "Future Policy Direction and Legal framework of Thailand’s Telecommunication Sector", 2005, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute

35. "Myanmar: Contemporary Life", Prof. Myat Thein in Takashi Inoguchi et al. edited, Values and Lifestyles in Urban Asia, Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, 2005

36. "Security Export Control in Thailand", December 2004, by Winston Set Aung in cooperation with Hitoshi Sakai of Nomura Research Institute for Japan International Cooperation Agency

37. "Security Export Control in Myanmar", January 2005, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute and Japan International Cooperation Agency

38. "Industry Outlook: Garment and Textile Industry in Vietnam", February 2005, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute

39. "Review on SME Policy in Vietnam and Recommendation", April 2005, by Winston Set Aung in cooperation with Hitoshi Sakai of Nomura Institute for Japan Bank for International Cooperation

40. "Outlines of Review and Recommendations for SME Policy in Vietnam", November 2004, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute

41. "Analysis of Macroeconomics factors and the Impact of 2005 post-MFA on Textile and Garment Industries in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka ,India and Pakistan", by Winston Set Aung in cooperation with Hitoshi Sakai of Nomura Research Institute for Japan Bank for International Cooperation

42. "Macroeconomic Environment of Myanmar", July 2004, by Prof. Myat Thein

43. "Life in Contemporary Myanmar", January 2004, by Prof. Myat Thein presented at AsiaBarometer Converence, Japan

44. "Financial Sector Development of Myanmar", by Winston Set Aung for UNDP

45. "Economic Development of Myanmar", Prof. Myat Thein in Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 2004

46. "SMEs/SMIs Development in Myanmar Compared to other Asian and Developed Countries", November 2003, by Winston Set Aung in cooperation with Mr. Hitoshi Sakai of Nomura Research Institute

47. "Double-Digit Inflation", May 2003, by Prof. Myat Thein

48. "Footwear Industry in Myanmar", September 2002, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute

49. "Master Plan for the development of the Garment Industry in Myanmar", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute

50. "Master Plan for the Improvement of SME Financing in Myanmar", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute

51. "Analysis on Supporting Industries in Different Economic Sectors of Myanmar", November 2002, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute

52. "Machine Production Industries in Myanmar", February 2002, by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute

53. "AFTA Process: Opportunities and Challenges for SMEs in Myanmar", Prof. Myat Thein with Maung Maung presented at the workshop on AFTA Process and AICO Scheme: Opportunities and Challenges for SMEs in Myanmar, 23-25 February 2000

54. "Social Sector Development in Myanmar: The Role of the State", Prof. Myat Thein with Khin Maung Nyo in ASEAN Economic Bulletin, Vol. 16, No. 3, December 1999

55. "Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization in Myanmar", Prof. Myat Thein,  ISEAS Working paper series, 1/99 Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, January, 1999

56. "Fisheries Sector in Myanmar", November 1999, by Winston Set Aung for Deutsche Bank Representative Office

57. "Agricultural Sector Development in Myanmar: A trend Analysis of published Statistics 1987/88-1996/97", Prof. Myat Thein's  Consultant's Report to UNDP, May, 1998

58. "An Analysis of Socio-Economic Trends of Rural Myanmar", Prof. Myat Thein, Draft report of the study sponsored by the Human Development Initiative & Support (HDIS) Project of the Human Development Initiative-Extension (HDI-E) Programme of UNDP, Yangon, May, 1998

59. "Economic Reforms and Agricultural Development in Myanmar", Prof. Myat Thein, ASEAN Economic Bulletin, Vol. 15, No. 1, April, 1998

60. "Considering the Impact of Asian Currency and Financial Crisis", Prof. Myat Thein,  Paper presented at the 2nd Myanmar-Japan Economic Conference, 1998

61. "Some Aspects of Economic Reforms in Myanmar", Prof. Myat Thein, paper presented at the Round-table on interaction between Myanmar and ASEAN-ISIS, held at International Business Centre, Yangon on 27-30 October, 1997

62. "The Economics of Farm Size and Land Policy in the Transition to a Market Economy", Prof. Myat Thein, SOJOURN, 12, no. 1 April 1997, pp. 124-34

63. "Transitional Economy of Myanmar: Performance, Issues and Problems”, Prof. Myat Thein and Dr. Mya Than in Asian Transitional Economies: Challenges and Prospects for Reform and Transformation edited by Seiji Finch Naya and Joseph L. H. Tan, pp.210-261, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1995

64. "Monetary and Fiscal Policies for Development", Prof. Myat Thein in Myanmar Dilemmas and Options, edited by Mya Than and Joseph L.H. Tan, pp.53-88. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1990

65. "Socio-economic Study of the Pilot Demonstration Area", Prof. Myat Thein, Department of Economics, Institute of Economics, Yangon, Myanmar, 1990

66. "Technology and Social Change: the Introduction of Tube-Wells in the Dry Zone of Burma", Prof. Myat Thein, ISEAS, Singapore, 1990

67. "An Evaluation of Rural Water Supply Project in Ayadaw Township, Burma", Prof. Myat Thein with Naing Oo (in Honour of Sasakawa Health Prize) Ministry of Health, Yangon, Burma 1986

68. "Economic Planning: Basic Concepts and Techniques", Myat Thein, Department of Higher Education, Yangon, Burma, 1980 (in Burmese)

69. "Price Theory", Myat Thein, Khun Are Press, Yangon, Burma 1980 (in Burmese)

70. "Analysis of Inflation in Burma: 1976", Prof. Myat Thein with Hla Phyu Chit  presented at the 1976 Burma Research Congress, Yangon, Burma, 1976

71. "A Preliminary Report on the Economic Viability of Sittang Pulp and Paper Mill", Prof. Myat Thein with Maung Maung Lwin, Economic Paper 1/73, Department of Economics, Institute of Economics, Yangon, Burma, 1973

72. "Burma's Foreign Trade in Rice and Rice Products", Prof. Myat Thein with U Khin Nyo  Paper presented at the 1970 Burma Research Congress, Yangon, Burma, 1970

"Informal Channels of Migration in Myanmar: Causes and Impacts", November 2007, by Winston Set Aung for the Follow-up Regional Policy Dialogue on Transborer Migration Policy Implementation and Monitoring: Its Effectiveness and Current Policy Gaps in the Greater Mekong Sub-region held at the Mekong Institute, Thailand

Contents

1. Migration in Myanmar

2. Migration channels in Myanmar

2.1. Border channel

2.2. Normal channel

2.2.1. Migration through registered recruitment companies

2.2.2. Migration through unregistered agencies

3. Causes and impacts

4. Policy recommendation

5. Conclusion

"Investment in Myanmar 2007", by Winston Set Aung for ASEAN Japan Center (July 2007)

Contents

1. Country Information

Introduction

Geography and Population

Climate

Language and Religion

Transport

Business Hours

Government

2. Economic Overview

Inflation and Economic Growth

Foreign Direct Investment

International Trade

3. Doing Business in Myanmar

Application

Capital Requirement

Capital Registration Fees

Basic Business Costs

Export-Import Activities

Taxation

Employment

Industrial Zones and SEZ

4. Accounting and Auditing

5. Duties and Taxes

6. Legal Framework

Foreign Investment Law

Law related to Exports and Imports

Labor Laws

Customs Act

Laws related to Trade Mark

7. Sectoral Information

Tourism Sector

Fishery Sector

Garment and Textile Sector

Energy and Mining Sector

Agricultural Sector

Other Industries

"GMS Tourism Development with Special Reference to Myanmar", by Prof. Myat Thein, Winston Set Aung, Daw Tin Tin Htwe and Daw Aye Win for Mekong Institute, Thailand (June 2007)

Contents

1. Background of the Project

1.1. Research Problems and Questions

1.2. Objective of the Study

1.3. Scope of Research

1.4. Study Sites

2. Literature Review

2.1. GMS Tourism Development Initiatives

2.2. Goal and Objective of Sub-regional Cooperation in Tourism Development

2.3. Programs of the GMS Tourism Development Strategy

3. Research Methodology

3.1. Study Area

3.2. Study Design

3.3. Research Process and Steps

4. Analysis on Myanmar Tourism Sector

4.1. Early International Travelers to Myanmar

4.2. Comparison of Myanmar Tourism Sector with those of GMS Countries

4.3. Major Tourist Sites in Myanmar

4.4. Flow of Tourists into Myanmar

4.5. Myanmar's Cooperation with Neighboring Countries

5. Analysis on Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT) Development in Myanmar

6. Analysis on Tourism Infrastructure in Myanmar

6.1. Human Resources Development

6.2. Airline Transport and Facilities

6.3. Road and Rail Transport Facilities

6.4. Water Cruise Transport Facilities

6.5. Travel Agencies

6.6. Hotels and Accommodations

6.7. Restaurants

6.8. Other Tourist Facilities

6.9. Necessity for Sustaining Quality

7. Analysis on Economic and Social Impact

8. Analysis on Environmental Impact

9. Analysis on Factors Affecting Myanmar Tourism Sector

10. Survey Analysis

11. Analysis on Tourism Promotion in Myanmar

11.1. Earlier Efforts

11.2. Recent Efforts

12. Policy Recommendations and Strategic Options

13. Conclusion

Plans for Research Results Dissemination

Acknowledgements

References

Appendices

Supplementary Report

"Investment Opportunity with the Equitization of the Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam (Vietcombank)", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute (September 2006)

Contents

Overview of equitization in Vietnam

Introduction   

Government’s guidelines to speed up equitization process

Ceiling on foreign investment in equitized enterprises lifted         

Legal framework and possible amendment related to Strategic Investors           

Existing grey areas   

Vietnam’s Banking Sector and Vietcombank         

Major players in Banking sector     

Major issues in the sector    

Vietcombank 

Table-1. Vietcombank’s Balance Sheet      

Table-2. Vietcombank’s Income Statement

Table-3. Vietcombank’s Off-balance sheet Assets 

Table-4. Vietcombank’s Cash Flow Statement       

Table-5. Vietcombank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet        

Table-6. Vietcombank’s Consolidated Income Statement

Vietcombank’s equitization  

Approval of Vietnambank’s equitization and possible foreign shareholding

Convertible bonds in preparation for equitization   

Equitization plan of Vietcombank    

Opportunity for foreign investors    

Table-7. Evaluation of post-equitization      

Annex 1. Balance Sheet of Vietcombank Securities Company      

Annex 2. Balance Sheet of Vietnam Finance Company Vinafico    Annex 3. Notes of Vietcombank’s Financial Statements

"Existing and Future Electricity Infrastructure and Supply around Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Cambodia", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute (September 2006)

Contents

 Introduction

Present status of electricity infrastructure in Cambodia

Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in Cambodia           

Electricity infrastructure and supply around promising SEZs in Cambodia          

Electricity supply to Koh Kong SEZ

Electricity supply to Poipet SEZ       

Electricity supply to Phnom Penh SEZ         

Electricity supply to Sihanoukville SEZ       

Electricity supply to Svay Rieng SEZ          

Issues being faced by Cambodian industries related to electricity Future supply of electricity

"Quantitative Forecast of Future Scenario of FDI Flows into Cambodian Garment Sector", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute (May 2006)

Contents

Introduction

Factors identification

Cross-sectional econometric model development

Forecasting FDI flows into Cambodian garment sector

Forecasting the FDI garment of Cambodia through the fitted cross-sectional multiple regression model

Recommendations

"Competitiveness of Textiles and Garment Sector of Cambodia and Existing Impediments", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute (February 2006)

Contents

1. Summary and Conclusion

2. International Trade in Textile and Garment Sector

3. US Trade Policy regarding Textile and Garment

4. Present Status of Cambodia's Garment Industry

5. Stages of Development of Garment Industry in Cambodia

6. Contribution of Cambodia's Garment Sector to Economic Development

7. Cambodia's Garment Sector in Post Quota-phase-out Period

8. Export Competitiveness

9. Problems and Impediments in Cambodia Garment Sector

9.1. Problems being Faced by Garment Manufacturers

9.2. General Issues being Faced by Cambodia's Garment Sector

9.3. Other Weaknesses

Annex 1

"Macroeconomics Factors affecting the Trade Competitiveness among the GMS Countries (Myanmar, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Lao PDR and Cambodia)", by Winston Set Aung (February 2006)

Contents

Introduction

Methodology

Selection of significant export products common to most GMS countries

Dynamics of the comparative advantages of each GMS country in selected products

Comparison of the dynamics of comparative advantages of different GMS countries in each selected products

Reliance of textiles and clothing products of each GMS country on the US and EU markets

Impacts of macroeconomic factors on the reliance of Cambodian and Myanmar textiles and clothing products on the US and EU markets

Conclusion

"The Time to turn Irregular into Regular Migrants", by Winston Set Aung for Mekong Institute, Thailand (January 2006)

Contents

Introduction

Types of Myanmar migrants and legal framework

Possible ways to make migration more systematic through cooperation between source and host countries

(Table) Problems of different types of Myanmar migrants and possible ways to solve them through cooperation between source and host countries

Migration to Myanmar

Conclusion

"Myanmar Economic Overview 2006", by Winston Set Aung (January 2006)

Contents

Introduction

Is Myanmar going anywhere?

Is US Economic Sanction Effective in Myanmar?

Is Inflation Cause or Effect?

Are US$ Market Rates Something to do with Price Rises?

Is Myanmar Trade Sector Vulnerable?

Is Myanmar Winner or Loser?

Do Driving Forces of Economic Development Have Adverse Effect?

Is Myanmar a Potential Country for Investment?

Annex: Survey Results

"Policy Recommendation for FDI Development at Sihanoukville Area of Cambodia", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute and Japan Bank for International Cooperation (September 2005)

Contents

1. Identification of Export Competitive Industries and Products

1) Export Competitive Industry in Cambodia

2) Comparison of Cambodia Competitive Industry with the Same Industry in other Countries

3) Overview of Most Competitive Sectors in Cambodia

(1) Garment

(i) Garment as the Key Industry in Cambodia

(ii) Prospects for Garment in Cambodia

(iii) Responses and Opportunity for Action

(2) Footwear

(i) Footwear as the Second Export Force in Cambodia

(ii) Prospects for Footwear Industry in Cambodia

(3) Other Potential Sectors

4) Yuan's Effect on Competitiveness of Cambodia's Products

5) Future Scenario of Cambodia's Competitiveness

2. Identification of the Future Possibility of the Industrial Relocation from the Surrounding Countries to the Sihanoukville Industrial Site

1) Survey on Industrial Associations, Investment Authorities and Domestic Industries in Malaysia and Thailand

(1) Survey Methodology

(2) Survey Results

(i) Possibility for Relocation

(ii) Selection of Potential Country

(iii) Factors affecting FDIs

(iv) Sihanoukville Area

2) Survey on Japanese Industries in Malaysia and Thailand

(1) Survey Methodology

(2) Survey Results

3. Identification of the Methodologies to Improve the Investment Circumstances at the Sihanoukville Industrial Site

1) Importance of the Sihanoukville Area

2) Methodologies to Improve Investment Circumstances at the Sihanoukville Area

3) Future Scenario

"Cause-and-Effect Relationship between Economic Indicators and FDI Inflows in Cambodia", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute (September 2005)

Contents

1) Introduction

2) Possible factors to be included or excluded in the model

3) The model

4) The result

Annexure

"Equitization and Investment Opportunities in the Cellular Mobile Telecommunication Sector in Vietnam", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute (June 2005)

Contents

1) Introduction

2) Implementation of Mobile Phone Provision in the US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement and an Outlook for Business Environment

3) Market Access Agreement between Vietnam and EU

4) An Outlook for business Environment Accompanying Vietnam's Accession to WTO

(1) Time-table for Future Vietnam's Actions Based on Agreements and Existing Plans

5) Outlook for Equitization

(1) Current Legal Framework for Equitization

(2) Equitization Procedure

(3) Requirements for Registration (Issuing at Primary Market) and Listing at the Trading Centers of Vietnam and their Future Developments

(4) Future Direction

(5) VMS Study in Brief

(6) GPC Study in Brief

(7) Aftermath of Equitization

6) An Outlook for Business Environment Resulting from Transition of Business Cooperation Contracts (BCC) into Joint Ventures

7) Interconnection Problems and Future Scenario to Ease these Problems

8) Development of Business Opportunities and Possible business Strategy

"The Econometric Relationship between Exports and FDI in Vietnam", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute (March 2005)

Contents

Relationship between FDI and exports

(1) Impact of FDI on exports

(2) Forecast of the total exports with FDI related determinants

(3) Impact of Exports and Imports on FDI        

Annex 1

"The Econometric Relationship between Exports and FDI in Cambodia", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute (March 2005)

Contents

Relationship between FDI and exports

(1) Impact of Investment Flows on exports

(2) Forecasting the Exports

(3) Impact of Exports on Total Active Investment        

Annex 1

"Security Export Control in Thailand", by Winston Set Aung in cooperation with Hitoshi Sakai of Nomura Research Institute for Japan International Cooperation Agency (December 2004)

Contents

1. Introduction                                                                                                                    

2. International Export Control Regimes                                                                         

2.1. Wassenaar Arrangement (WA)                                                                                  

2.2. Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)                                                                                

2.3. Australia Group (AG)                                                                                                 

2.4. Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)                                                         

3. Export Control System in Thailand                                                                               

3.1. Present status of security export control                                                                   

3.1.1. Characteristics of export control in Thailand                                                         

3.1.2. Relevant ministries and agencies of export control in Thailand                           

3.1.3. Export-Control-Related Laws and Organizations involved in Enforcement of Export Control in Thailand

3.1.3.1. Characteristics of laws and regulations                                                               

3.1.3.2. Export and Import of Goods Act under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Commerce    

3.1.3.3. Hazardous Substances Act under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry  

3.1.3.4. Atomic Energy for Peace Act under the jurisdiction of Office of Atoms for Peace          

3.1.3.5. Pathogens and Animal Toxins Act under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Health         

3.1.3.6. Armament Control Act and regulations on arms export under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense

3.1.3.7. Legal sources of export control by the Ministry of Science                               

3.1.3.8. Customs Act under the jurisdiction of the Department of Customs                   

3.1.3.9. National Security Council Act under the jurisdiction of the National Security Council   

3.1.3.10. Other relevant ministries and agencies and relevant laws and regulations    

3.1.4. Export procedures                                                                                                   

3.1.4.1. Export procedure currently practiced in Thailand                                              

3.1.4.2. Export procedure compared to neighboring countries                                        

3.1.5. Present status of control based on schedules in Thailand                                     

4. Future Direction for the enhancement of system and Thailand’s needs for support 

4.1. The future direction for the enhancement of the system                                          

4.1.1. Future direction regarding the control on dual-used items                                    

4.2. Areas in which technological assistance is feasible                                                  

Annex 1

Annex 2

Annex 3

Annex 4

Control of Exports of Dual-used Items and Technology in Thailand Compared to the EU

"Security Export Control in Myanmar", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute and Japan International Cooperation Agency  (January 2005)

Contents

1. Security Export Control System in Myanmar

1-1. Present Situation of Security Export Control System in Myanmar

1) Characteristics of Security Export Control System in Myanmar

(1) Situation under Economic Sanctions      

(2) Licensing System

(3) Controlled Items  

2) Agencies involved in Security Export Control in Myanmar       

3) Legal Framework of Security Export Control in Myanmar       

(1) Characteristics of Laws and Regulations          

(2) Laws enforced by the Ministry of Commerce   

(i) The Control of Import-Export (Temporary) At, 1947 

(ii) The Control of Imports and Exports (Temporary) (Amendment) Act, 1957

(iii) The Control of Imports and Exports (Temporary) (Amendment) Act, 1960           

(iv) Myanmar Export/Import Rules and Regulations (1994, 1998)       

(v) Order 6/98 (22-3-98) Order Defining Items of Goods Not Permitted to be Exported

(vi) Order 10/99 (26-11-99) Order Defining Items of Goods Not Permitted to be Exported

(3) Laws enforced by the Customs Department under the Ministry of Finance

(i) The Sea Customs Act, 1878     

(ii) The Land Customs Act, 1924 

(4) Laws enforced by the Ministry of Defense       

(i) The Arms Act, 1878     

(iii) The Naval Armament Act, 1923        

(5) Others      

(i) The Explosive Substances Act, 1908  

(ii) The Poisons Act, 1919 

4) Contents of Lists  

5) Enforcement          

(1) Detection of Illegal Exports        

(i) Inspection for normal regular exported items    

(ii) Inspection for exported items that need special technical knowledge 

(2) Cases of Export control violation           

(3) Penalties  

1-2. Future Direction of Security Export Control and Needs for Support in Myanmar    

1) Future Direction of Security Export Control Enhancement       

2) Myanmar’s Needs for Support    

Annex 1. Major Comparison of Export Control System between Myanmar and Japan

"Industry Outlook: Garment and Textile Industry in Vietnam", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute  (February 2005)

Garment Industry Outlook

Output of Vietnam’s garment and textile industry

Impacts of AFTA, MFA abolishment and WTO accession

Financial needs

(Appendix) Evaluation Manual for the Selection of Potential Enterprises in Garment Industry

"Review on SME Policy in Vietnam and Recommendation", by Winston Set Aung in cooperation with Hitoshi Sakai of Nomura Institute for Japan Bank for International Cooperation (April 2005)

Contents

1. Review of Business Environment of SMEs and SME Development Policy

2. Implied Policies in ADB Roadmap

3. Recommended Policies

(1) Target SMEs for SME Policy

(2) SME Definition

(3) Land Use Rights

(4) Technology Transfer through FDIs

(5) Competition Law and Investment Incentives

(6) Credit Assessment on Collateral

(7) Business Associations and its Role to be Enhanced

(8) Credit Guarantee Funds

(9) Stock Market Development for SMEs

(10) Technical Assistance Centers

Annex

"Outlines of Review and Recommendations for SME Policy in Vietnam", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute (November 2004)

Contents

1. General Situation of SME policy and problems regarding policy enforcement in Vietnam

2. Implied Policies in ADB Roadmap

3. General Comments on ADB Roadmap

4. Impact of ADB Roadmap on SME Policies of MPI

"SMEs/SMIs Development in Myanmar Compared to other Asian and Developed Countries", by Winston Set Aung in cooperation with Mr. Hitoshi Sakai of Nomura Research Institute (November 2003)

Contents

I. Criteria for Definitions of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)

Implications for Myanmar

Practical Way to Set Criteria for the Definition of SMEs/SMIs

II. Government Ministries and Agnecies Specializing in SMEs Development

Implications for Myanmar

Problems and Complication for Starting SME/SMIs in Myanmar

III. Background for the Adoption of SMEs Policies, Supporting Measures and Implication for Myanmar

Practical Way to Integrate and Develop SMEs in Myanmar

Recommended Step-by-Step Implementation to Develop SME/SMIs in Myanmar

A. The Republic of Korea (South Korea)

Implications for Myanmar

B. Singapore

Implications for Myanmar

C. Thailand

Implications for Myanmar

D. Malaysia

Implications for Myanmar

E. Indonesia

Implications for Myanmar

F. The Philippines

Implications for Myanmar

G. Vietnam

Implications for Myanmar

H. China

Implications for Myanmar

I. United States

Implications for Myanmar

J. United Kingdom

Implications for Myanmar

K. Japan

L. Myanmar

(1) Points to Note Regarding SME Policy in Myanmar

Proposed Outlines of SMEs Development Policy and Strategy for Myanmar

Modernization of Equipments

(2) Examples of the Measures

(i) To Provide Management and Technological Guidance by UMFCCI

(ii) To Rehabilitate and Upgrade Industrial Zones

Major Problems of Industrial Estate Development in Myanmar

Measure for Industrial Estate Development in Myanmar

Proposed Action Plans for SMEs/SMIs Development

"Footwear Industry in Myanmar", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute (September 2002)

Contents

1. International Footwear Insutry

2. Footwear Industries in Major International Markets

2.1. US Footwear Industry

2.2. Hong Kong's Footwear Industry

2.3. Vietnam's Footwear Industry

2.4. Thailand's Footwear Industry

3. Present Status of Myanmar Footwear Industry

3.1. Supply-side Analyses

3.1.1. Footwear Manufacturers

3.1.2. Analyses on Footwear Manufacturing

3.1.2.1. Small-scaled and Medium-scaled Footwear Production Businesses

3.1.2.2. Production Process

3.1.2.3. Availability and Supply of Raw Materials

3.1.2.4. Production of Raw Materials and Parts Necessary for Footwear Production

3.1.2.5. Production of Government Footwear Factories

3.1.3. Analysis on Suppliers (Retailers and Wholesalers)

3.1.3.1. Different Types of Footwear Shops

3.1.3.2. Different Types of Local-made and Foreign-made Footwear

3.1.3.3. Price Variability and Average Sales Volume

3.1.3.4. Quality and Design of Footwear having Higher Demand

3.1.3.5. Different Brands of Footwear Having Highest Sales Level

3.1.4. Analyses on Imports

3.1.4.1. Time-series Analysis on the Imports of Different Types of Footwear in 1998/99, 1999/00 and 2000/01

3.1.4.2. Analysis on the Imports of Footwear by Country During the Last Three Years

3.2. Demand-side Analyses

3.2.1. Customers and End-users Analysis

3.2.1.1. Types of Footwear Preferred by Different Age-groups and Different Income Levels

3.2.1.2. Estimated Demand of Different Types of Footwear by Different Age-groups and Different Income Levels

3.2.1.4. Different Views of People on Different Types of Footwear

3.2.1.5. Factors Considered by Different Age-groups and Different Income Levels in Buying Different Types of Footwear

3.2.1.6. Mentality of People in Myanmar in Buying Different Types of Footwear

3.2.2. Analysis on Footwear Exports

3.3. Export Competitiveness

3.4. Present Impediments and Problems for Export Promotion

4. Outlook on Domestic Market Growth and Import Substitution

5. Present Impediments and Problems for Import Substitution

6. Policy Recommendations

7. Conclusion

Proposed Action Plan for Myanmar Footwear Industry

Annexure 1: Questionnaires for Footwear Research

"Analysis on Supporting Industries in Different Economic Sectors of Myanmar", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute (November 2002)

Contents

Introduction

1. Construction Sector

1.1. Department of Human Settlement and Housing Development

1.2. Department of Public Works

1.3. Myanmar Industrial Construction Services

1.4. Private Sector Construction

1.5. Cement Industries

1.6. Steel Bars Industries

1.7. Brick Industries

1.8. Other Construction Materials

1.9. Policy Recommendations

Annexure 1

2. Fishery Sector

2.1. Fishing Crafts and Boat Building

2.2. Fishing Gears and Nets

2.3. Shrimp Farming and Hatcheries

2.4. Fish Farming and Hatcheries

2.5. Ice Making and Cold Storage Facilities

2.6. Problems and Policy Recommendations

Annexure 2

3. Mineral Resources Sector

3.1. Mineral Resources in Mining Sector

3.2. Mineral Resources in Energy Sector

3.3. Policy Recommendations

Annexure 3

4. Agricultural Sector

4.1. Dam and River Water Pumping Projects for Irrigation (Supporting Projects for the Development of Agricultural Sector)

4.2. Agricultural Machinery Industry

4.3. Land Cultivation (Supporting Projects for the Development of Agricultural Sector)

4.4. Financial Industrial for Agriculture

4.5. Policy Recommendations

Annexure 4

5. Plastic Industries

5.1. Problems and Policy Recommendations

"Machine Production Industries in Myanmar", by Winston Set Aung for Nomura Research Institute (February 2002)

Contents

1.  Introduction                                                                                                     

2.  Machinery production industries in private sector                                              

3.  State-owned machinery production industries

3.1. Machinery production industries under the Ministry of Industry No.1

3.2. Machinery production industries under the Ministry of Rails

3.3. Machinery production industries under the Ministry of Transport               

3.4. Machinery production industries under the Cooperatives Ministry

3.5. Others

3.6. Machinery production industries under Ministry of Industry No. 2             

3.6.1. Myanma Agricultural Machinery Industries                                     

3.6.2. Myanma Automobile and Diesel Engine Industries                          

3.6.3. Myanma Machine Tools and Electrical Industries                            

3.6.4. Myanma Tyre and Rubber Industries                                              

3.6.5. Myanma Industrial Construction Services

3.6.6. Joint Ventures under the Ministry of Industry No. 2                        

4. Economic cooperation activities in the state machinery production sector           

5. Activities and promotions for the development of Industrial Zones                     

6. Machinery export/import status in Myanmar                                                     

7. Comments and conclusion

"Fisheries Sector in Myanmar", by Winston Set Aung for Deutsche Bank Representative Office (November 1999)

Contents

Objective
1. Introduction
1.1. Aquaculture
1.2. Brief History on Marine fishing in Myanmar      
2. Fisheries resources and production
2.1. Fish resources
2.2. Categories of fish depending on environment
2.3. Resources and production of some popular fisheries
2.3.1. Hilsa resource and production
2.3.2. Bombay duck resource and production
2.3.3. Reef fisheries resource and production
2.3.4. Crab resource and production   
2.3.5. Shrimp resource and production       
2.3.5.1. Freshwater shrimp production   
2.3.5.2. Marine shrimp production      
3. Fishing crafts and fishing gears     
4. Fishing ports and fish landing centers          
5. Ice making, cold storage facilities      
6. Distribution   
7. Export
8. Conclusion
9. References